October 11, 2008
Mt. Hengshan in Hunan 南岳衡山(湖南)
Being one of the famous mountains Wuyue (a collective name given to five famous mountains in China), Mt. Hengshan is found in Hengyang City in Hunan Province, it is also referred as Nanyue, meaning South Mountain. It has eminent mountain peaks and wonderful mountain scenery.Mt. Hengshan is composed of 72 peaks, among which the first mountain peak you will see when touring is Huiyan Peak. Going further toward the north, you will feast your eyes on all the graceful scenery. Here in Mt. Hengshan, no mountain peaks are without trees. It is green all over. There are various kinds of precious trees and a vast area of primeval forest. Among all these trees here, some are 300 - 400 years old, which still bloom when spring comes. Some trees are even over 1,000 years old. The trees in the primeval forest are bending with lichen growing on the trunks, resembling old men wearing tattered clothes. From the mountain peaks, you can see the grand view of sunrise, the rolling cloud and the oceans of trees. There magnificent views are called 'four oceans' on Mt. Hengshan: ocean of flowers, ocean of trees, ocean of cloud and ocean of snow. People summarize all the spectacles here as 'the eight marvels in Mt. Hengshan'. They are the height of the Zhurong Peak, the grace of the Sutra Collection Hall, the profundity of Fangguang Temple, the quietness of Mojingtai, the magic of the Shuilian Cave, the antiquity of Dayu Stele, the majesty of the Nanyue Temple and the steepness of Huixian Bridge. Zhurong Peak is the highest mountain peak of this scenic area. Sutra Collection Hall is located deep in the glen and is surrounded by towering trees. The running spring and flying birds make this place very peaceful and leisurely. Huixian Bridge is in fact a bridge on a big stone. It is narrow and dangerous, and few people are brave enough to go over it.春观花潮This scenic area is also a well known and hallowed Buddhist ground. It has abundant temples including nunneries and Taoist temples. The most notable one is Nanyue Damiao, the largest temple in Wuyue. It was originally built in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), but was destroyed by fire. In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), it was renovated imitating the design of the Forbidden City. 夏看烟云Various reputations were gained at this scenic area: a particular religious hallowed ground and a marvelous scenic locale for both summering and touring. Here you can watch blooming flowers in spring, prevent sunstroke in summer, watch sunrises in autumn and enjoy the beautiful prospect of snow in winter. If you are traveling in China or going to travel in China, do not miss the wonderful trip to Mt. Hengshan.秋望日出Transportation: Take the bus No.1 in the urban area of Hengyang, getting off when you reach the last stop (Western Bus Stop), transferring to a coach to get the Hengyang County, then you will reach the scenic area.Admission Fee: CNY 80 (Entrance Charge)冬赏雪景特点 五岳之中南岳衡山,由于气候条件较其他四岳为好,处处是茂林修竹,终年翠绿;奇花异草,四时放香,自然景色十分秀丽,因而又有“南岳独秀”的美称。清人魏源在中说:“恒山如行,岱(泰)山如坐,华山如立,嵩山如卧,惟有南岳独如飞。”这是对衡山的赞美。 南岳衡山还有许多名胜古迹和神话传说,吸引了历代各种人物,形成丰富多彩的文化沉积,宛如一个辽阔的人文与山水文化和谐统一、水乳交融的巨型公园。1982年,衡山作为我国著名的自然景观和人文景观,以湖南衡山风景名胜区的名义,被国务院批准列入第一批国家级风景名胜区名单。2007年8月1日,南岳衡山经国务院批准列为国家级自然保护区。概况 衡山又名南岳,是我国五岳之一,位于湖南省衡山县。由于气候条件较其他四岳为好,处处是茂林修竹,终年翠绿;奇花异草,四时放香,自然景色十分秀丽,因而又有“南岳独秀”的美称。清人魏源《衡岳吟》中说:“恒山如行,岱山如坐,华山如立,嵩山如卧,惟有南岳独如飞。”这是对衡山的赞美。结构 结构"青天七十二芙蓉",衡山由包括长沙岳麓山、衡阳回雁峰在内,巍然耸立着的72座山峰组成。南岳的首峰就在衡阳市中心的南门口--回雁峰,从"天下南岳第一峰"向北出发,沿蒸湘北路乘汽车行驶一个多小时,从眼前闪过几十座像芙蓉般婀娜多姿的山峰,就进入了南岳胜景。如果人们从京广铁路乘火车,则于衡山站下车,再转乘汽车,只有15千米的路程,便可以饱览南岳的风光。宗教 南岳还是著名的佛教圣地。环山数百里,有寺、庙、庵、观等200多处.位于南岳古镇的南岳大庙,是中国江南最大的古建筑群,占地9800多平方米,仿北京故宫形制,依次九进。大庙坐北朝南,四周围以红墙,角楼高耸。寿涧山泉,绕墙流注。庙内,东侧有8个道观,西侧有8个佛寺,以示南岳佛道平等并存。南岳大庙,是一件有历史意义和艺术价值的珍品, 其 规模之宏大,建筑之精美,结构之完整,布局之周密,实属罕见。在南岳古镇,还有一座佛教古寺——祝圣寺。它位于镇的东街,与山上的南台寺、福严寺、上封寺和衡山城外的清凉寺等,合称为南岳六大佛教丛林。相传大禹治水时曾经来到这里,并在这里建立清冷宫佘礼舜帝。清康熙年间作为皇帝的行宫进行大规模改建,并更名祝圣寺。现在寺的四周古木苍翠,寺内香烟缭绕,木鱼钟磬之声,不绝于耳,佛图佛像满目,有兴趣者,还可入内与法师交谈,品尝一下南岳著名的素餐斋席。其它如广浏寺、湘南寺、丹霞寺、铁佛寺、方广寺及传法院、黄庭观等,都是明代以前的古镡,规模大小虽不相同,但也各有佳趣。 衡山还是著名的道教名山,汉武帝以南岳名安徽霍山﹐隋文帝复以衡山为南岳。道教称第三小洞天﹐名其岳神为司天王。山有七十二峰﹐以祝融﹑紫盖﹑芙蓉﹑石廪﹑天柱五峰为著﹐祝融又为之冠。有黄庭观﹐传为晋天师道女祭酒魏华存修道处。上清宫乃晋道士徐灵期修行处。降真观﹐旧名白云庵﹐乃唐司马承祯修道处。九真观西有白云先生(司马承祯)药岩。五代道士聂师道亦修道於此。山上植物 南岳之秀,在于无山不绿,无山不树。那连绵飘逸的山势和满山茂密的森林,四季长青,就像一个天然的庞大公园。林深树多,光听听树的名字,也够动人了:金钱松、红豆杉、伯乐树、银鹊树、香果、白擅、青铜以及常绿的香樟、神奇的梭罗、火红的枫林、古老的藤萝。据统计,南岳现有的风景林等各种植物,有1700多种。这是几十代人的血汗结晶,其中许多是奇珍异宝。福严寺的银杏相传受戒于六朝时的慧思禅师,树龄至少也有1400多年,树身三个大人合抱亦不能围拢。藏经殿后的白玉兰,亦有四五百年的历史,至今仍然逢春开花,香飘满山。半山亭的古松,三四百岁的年龄,还是小弟弟呢!上封寺后的原始森林,许多树都是老态龙钟,弯腰曲背,遍身青苔,望不见纹路。乍一看去,它们长得拳曲不张,冠盖不整,盘根错节,相互依偎,恍如严寒中一群衣衫破败的老人,相拥取暖,令人怜悯而无俊俏风华的赞叹。但在这高山风口上,它们千百年如一日,在"风刀霜剑严相逼"之中,彼此抱得铁紧,你搀我扶,有的甚至同根所生,枝同连理,不仅独秀,而且情深。 南岳如果只是这些树木呈现的秀色,那还不足以在天下名山中如此令人瞩目。这种秀色只是它的外在之美,而秀中有"绝",才是它的深远内涵。人们把南岳的胜景概括为"南岳八绝",即"祝融峰之高,藏经殿之秀,方广寺之深,磨镜台之幽,水帘洞之奇,大禹碑之古,南岳庙之雄,会仙桥之险"。正因为"南岳八绝"的出类拔萃,才使它赢得"五岳独秀"那当之无愧的美称。祝融峰 山巅祝融峰,海拔1300.2米,由于烟云的烘托和群峰的叠衬,构成了"万丈祝融拔地起,欲见不见轻烟里"的雄姿。登临其上,可见北面洞庭湖烟波渺渺,若隐若现,南面群峰罗列,如障如屏,东面湘江逶迤,宛如玉带,西面雪峰山顶,银涛翻腾,万千景象,尽收眼底。 登衡山必登祝融。古人说:“不登祝融,不足以知其高。”唐代文学家韩愈诗云:“祝融万丈拔地起,欲见不见轻烟里。”这两句诗既写了祝融峰的高峻、雄伟,又写了衡山烟云的美妙。传说祝融峰是祝融游息之地。祝融是神话传说中的火神,自燧人氏发明取火以后,即由祝融保存火种。峰上有祝融殿,是明代所建。祝融峰的西边有望月台,在无云的夜晚,到这里赏月,别有一番美景。峰上还有观日台,是看日出奇景的好地方。藏经殿 山中藏经殿,隐于幽谷深处,四周古木参天,绿树掩映,飞鸟流泉,鸣声互答,显得生机无限,幽静逸脱。方广寺 方广寺林泉、山峦秀美,环境幽静深透,游人至此必有一种"幽深"之感,故前人有"不至方广,不足以知其深"之说。会仙桥 站在会仙桥,四顾奇珍异宝,金光灿灿,绿浪滔滔,蔚为壮观,还可望见祝融峰侧的一巨石,宛如乌龟,人称"金龟朝圣"。桥之险,可谓一绝,真乃是无限风光在险峰。水帘洞 山下水帘洞,飞瀑如泻,帘影高悬,宋朝毕田有咏水帘洞诗一首,专道其妙处:"洞门千尺挂飞流,玉碎珠联冷喷秋;古今不知谁卷得,绿萝为带月为钩。"可见其景致之不一般。烟云 衡山的烟云可与黄山媲美。游人在山上,忽然云雾升起,转眼之间,清晰可见的一座座山峰,竟被一团团烟雾笼罩住,渐渐隐去身形,游人自己也感到象在腾云驾雾,只觉得一缕缕、一团团的青烟白气,荡于胸前,流于指隙,似乎伸手可捉,可又什么都未捉到。突然,一阵清风拂面而过。风过处,天空便由灰而白,由浊而清,浓雾消散,远处的山峰又清晰可辨了。山势 衡山山势雄伟,绵延数百公里,号称有七十二峰,其中以祝融、天柱、芙蓉、紫盖、石禀五座最有名。祝融峰是衡山最高峰,海拔1300.2米。南岳四绝是:“祝融峰之高,方广寺之深,藏经殿之秀,水帘洞之奇。” 山上寺庙 山上寺庙很多,著名的有福严寺、南台寺、藏经殿、方广寺。福严寺规模很大,称为“南山第一古刹”,寺右有一株1400余年的银杏树,树干粗壮,枝叶茂盛。南台寺建于六朝,到现在已有1400多年。日本佛教曹洞宗视南台寺为祖庭。藏经殿因明太祖赐大藏经一部存放于此,故名藏经殿。其周围层峦叠翠,古木参天,景色秀丽,附近有摇钱树、同根生、连理枝等奇树以及允春亭、梳妆台、钓鱼台等古迹。“藏经殿之秀”为南岳四绝之一。方广寺处于南岳峰岭间,古树苍苍,流水潺潺,幽雅深邃,因而有“方广寺之深”的说法。 但是,南岳最大的寺庙是位于衡山脚下的南岳庙。它规模宏大,布局严谨,占地面积多达98500平方米,在南方一带也是数一数二的大庙。南岳庙始建于唐,历代进行重修、扩建,规模不断扩大。现存建筑是清代重修的。整个庙宇有9进,包括正殿、寝宫、御书楼、盘龙亭等建筑。正殿高22米,庄严肃穆,气势雄浑。殿内有72根石柱,象征着衡山七十二峰。正殿中央供奉着“南岳司天昭圣帝”,即祝融神君。南岳庙以总体布局完整著称。
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment